The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has officially designated sections of the Upper Columbia River as a Superfund site in response to long-standing pollution primarily from a lead and zinc smelter in Trail, British Columbia. This designation focuses on specific areas along the river that require extensive cleanup due to high levels of heavy metal contamination, particularly lead and arsenic in the soils. These health risks are especially concerning for vulnerable populations, including children and women of childbearing age.

The EPA's Bill Dunbar clarified that not the entire river is designated as a Superfund site, but rather specific areas needing attention. This decision follows over two decades of advocacy from local officials, tribal leaders, and environmental groups seeking remediation. With Superfund status, federal funding can now be allocated for cleanup, addressing both environmental and public health concerns. Washington Governor Jay Inslee and tribal leaders have praised this action, emphasizing the importance of restoring the river for future generations. The collaborative efforts reflect a broader commitment to environmental justice and accountability for pollution sources.